Synergistic Effects of Pseudocolor Imaging,Differentiation, and Square and Logarithmic Conversion on Accuracy of Quantification of Chemical Characteristics Using Test Strips and Similar Products

Test strips and similar products are highly feasible tools for the rapid and approximate determination of chemical characteristics. Although the application of both the quantitative observation of coloration and regression modeling has recently enabled these products to become quantitative tools, their precision and accuracy may be further improved. In this study, the pseudocolor imaging of the coloration image, derivative spectrophotometry-like differentiation of the coloration values, and logarithmic conversion of the raw and derivative values were compared in terms of the precision and accuracy of the quantitative determination of corrosiveness, glucose, nitrate, and pH using the products. The best regression models for the determination were provided by the combination of pseudocolor imaging and differentiation (nitrate and pH); pseudocolor imaging, differentiation, and square-conversion (corrosiveness); or all of the techniques (glucose). When compared to the use of the original 10 raw coloration variables of red-green-blue, cyan-magenta-yellow-key black, and L*a*b* color models only, the above combinations improved the normalized mean absolute error from 14.8% to 3.09% (corrosiveness), 6.33% to 3.15% (glucose), 7.46% to 4.56% (nitrate), and 3.22% to 0.94% (pH). These achievements were largely attributed to the combination of multiple variables that have non-linear and nonmonotonic relationships with the chemical characteristics.     

多元统计分析中一类矩阵迹函数最小化问题的有效算法

研究来源于多元统计分析中的一类矩阵迹函数最小化问题$\min c+ tr(AX)+\sum\limits_{j=1}^{m}tr(B_j X C_jX^{T}),\ \ {\rm s. t.} \ X^TX=I_p,$其中$c$为常数, $A\in R^{p\times n}\ (n\geq p)$, $B_j\in R^{n\times n}, C_j\in R^{p\times p}$为给定系数矩阵. 数值实验表明已有的Majorization算法虽可行, 但收敛速度缓慢且精度不高. 本文从黎曼流形的角度重新研究该问题, 基于Stiefel流形的几何性质, 构造一类黎曼非单调共轭梯度迭代求解算法, 并给出算法收敛性分析.数值实验和数值比较验证所提出的算法对于问题模型是高效可行的.     

Setting local rank constraints by orthogonal projections for image resolution analysis: Application to the determination of a low dose pharmaceutical compound

Raman chemical imaging provides chemical and spatial information about pharmaceutical drug product. By using resolution methods on acquired spectra, the objective is to calculate pure spectra and distribution maps of image compounds. With multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares, constraints are used to improve the performance of the resolution and to decrease the ambiguity linked to the final solution. Non negativity and spatial local rank constraints have been identified as the most powerful constraints to be used.     

Quantitative leak test for microholes and microtears in whole gloves and glove pieces

The current leak tests for gloves are qualitative. The developed quantitative leak test uses vacuum pressure to draw measured volumes of water to detect microholes/tears in whole gloves and glove pieces. A modified plastic vacuum desiccator interfaced with a Frazier air permeability tester allowed exposure of disposable unsupported/unlined/powderless Kimtech Blue nitrile to 50 mL of water for glove pieces or to 600 mL within a whole glove at vacua of 8–9 in. (20–23 cm) and 11–12 in. (28–30 cm) water gauge, respectively. Punctures of known dimensions were made before testing in specific glove areas using 21-, 22-, 26-, 30-, and 33-gauge needles (outer/inner diameters in micrometres of 873/514, 794/413, 635/311, 476/127, 318/159 and 238/133, respectively). The length of the punctures varied from 0.13 ± 0.01 to 0.80 ± 0.11 mm. Flow rates of water through the holes/tears ranged from 2.5 ± 0.4 to 106 ± 7 mL/min for glove pieces. For whole gloves, the ranges were from 31 ± 9 to 543 ± 110 mL/min in the palm area; and 0.23 ± 0.06 to 82 ± 18 mL/min in the finger/fingertip area. The method quantified tear lengths as short as 0.13 ± 0.01 mm.     

α-Mangostin exhibits antidepressant-like effects mediated by the modification of GABAergic,serotonergic and dopaminergic systems

Abstract

The present study explored the antidepressant-like activity of α-mangostin (α-MG) and the possible mechanism in this process in the tail suspension test (TST) in mice. The results revealed that α-MG (5?mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited markedly antidepressant-like activity, which could be reversed by pretreatment with haloperidol (a non-selective D₂ receptor antagonist), bicuculline (a competitive GABA antagonist), p-chlorophenylalanine (an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis). Meanwhile, α-MG also effectively increased the brain DA, 5-HT and GABA levels in mice exposed to TST, indicating that the antidepressant-like effect of α-MG might be mediated by the GABAergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic systems.

     

光寻址电位传感器的正交相位检波检测方法

光寻址电位传感器的幅度检测方法易受噪声干扰,灵敏度差,信噪比和精度低,且受调制光源的影响较大,影响检测结果的准确性.为此提出了一种基于正交相位检波的光寻址电位传感器检测方法.该方法是将光寻址电位传感器的输出光电流信号分别与两路正交信号相乘,通过低通滤波提取直流分量并相除,即可得到光寻址电位传感器的输出信号相位信息.与已有的光寻址电位传感器相位检测方法相比,该方法具有算法复杂度低、实时性高的优点.实验研究了调制光源光强对光寻址电位传感器幅度检测和相位检测的影响,对比分析了光寻址电位传感器的传统幅度检测方法与正交相位检波检测方法对pH检测的灵敏度、线性度及信噪比.结果表明,相比于幅度检测方法,调制光源光强对光寻址电位传感器的相位检测影响更小,在频率为10 kHz,pH的范围为1.68~10.01的情况下,相位检测方法比幅度检测方法测得的灵敏度增加了7 mV/pH,精度提高了14.9 mpH,非线性误差减小了0.003%,均方差减少了0.1051×10^-5,信噪比增加了8.2827 dB.该方法特别适用于弱光下的光寻址电位传感器检测.     

估计感度分布中位数的两阶段优化序贯试验设计方法研究

感度试验在爆炸科学领域有非常广泛的应用,其中位数是含能材料的一个关键性能指标.高效估计感度分布中位数是实际工程应用中的重要问题.文章提出一种两阶段的优化序贯试验设计方法来估计感度分布的中位数,并将正交设计与两阶段优化序贯试验设计方法相结合给出了筛选影响含能材料安定性重要因子的试验设计方法.广泛的模拟比较验证了所提方法在小样本情况下可以获得感度分布中位数的准确估计,并且对模型假设和初始参数猜测具有一定的稳健性.当因子效应不是太小的时候,因子筛选方法可以准确地筛选出有显著影响的因子.     

用于SCA ASIC测试的数字读出模块设计

高速开关电容阵列(SCA)具有高速采样、低功耗的特点,基于SCA的高速波形数字化是目前高精度时间测量的一个重要研究方向。为此,我们开展SCA芯片的研究,目前已设计完成原型ASIC设计,并正在进行后续版本的改进设计。为便于未来多版本ASIC的测试和评估,需设计具有一定通用性的数字读出模块,本论文工作主要介绍此模块的设计工作以及相应的数据读出软件。数字读出模块基于FPGA实现对待测ASIC的控制、配置及数据读出,采用DDR3片外存储芯片,使用USB3.0等接口进行数据传输;上位机软件基于Python3.7设计,实现了数据采集与波形绘制等功能。目前已使用设计完成的数字读出模块对第2版SCA ASIC进行了初步的测试,测试结果表明,此读出模块工作正常,且SCA芯片输出结果符合预期。